The surface of the continental crust is significantly higher than the surface of the oceanic crust, due to the greater buoyancy of the thicker, less dense continental crust (an example of isostasy). īecause both continental and oceanic crust are less dense than the mantle below, both types of crust "float" on the mantle. The average thickness of the crust is about 15 km (9 mi) to 20 km (12 mi). In a few places, such as the Tibetan Plateau, the Altiplano, and the eastern Baltic Shield, the continental crust is thicker (50 km (30 mi) to 80 km (50 mi)).
Continental: 30 km (20 mi) to 50 km (30 mi) thick and mostly composed of less dense, more felsic rocks, such as granite.
Oceanic: 5 km (3 mi) to 10 km (6 mi) thick and composed primarily of denser, more mafic rocks, such as basalt, diabase, and gabbro.The crust of Earth is of two distinct types: Additionally, tellurium and selenium have been depleted from the crust due to formation of volatile hydrides. Their abundance in meteoroid materials is higher. These have been depleted by being relocated deeper into Earth's core. The rarest elements in the crust (shown in yellow) are not the heaviest, but are rather the siderophile (iron-loving) elements in the Goldschmidt classification of elements. Alva Valdivia.Abundance (atom fraction) of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust as a function of the atomic number. From the moment of creation to the shape and structure of the earth. Nature and society: an introduction to geography. However, pressure and temperature play a fundamental role in the variation of the states in each of the nuclei. Its state is solid since it is subjected to high pressures that impede movement.īoth cores are made up of the same components: iron and nickel. Thanks to the movements of its liquid state, the nucleus allows the magnetic field to originate on Earth. It is in a liquid state, since it is not subjected to sufficient pressure and its temperature is around 4000 ° C, which does not allow it to enter the solid state.
The core is composed of two parts: External nucleus It has a thickness of 7000 kilometers in diameter. It is the deepest part of the Earth, it is in the center of it. It is at this point where the material emerging from volcanic eruptions is generated. This area is of great importance because its temperature and pressure provide the balance that allows the minerals are always near their melting point. In this layer is around 82% of the volume and 68% of the mass of the Earth. The mantle is made up of silica, magnesium and oxygen, which form rocks called peridotites. It has an approximate thickness of 2900 km that surrounds the nucleus. It is the midpoint between the earth's crust and the core. Humanity has not yet managed to reach the bottom of this pit. This pit is called Guam and has a depth of 11,035 meters. It is an oceanic pit that is part of the Mariana Islands. The deepest oceanic point on Earth (hence, the closest to the center of the Earth) is in the Western Pacific Ocean. It is made up of volcanic sediments such as basalt and gabbro. It is made up of ocean bottoms and has an average thickness of 6 and 7 kilometers. This layer has a depth of between 35 and 40 kilometers. Its surface is formed by volcanic rocks such as granite. This time it is divided into two layers: Continental crust It is composed mainly of different types of rocks. Its thickness is between 5 and 80 kilometers. The Earth is formed by three large layers, ranging from the lightest layer formed by oxygen, magnesium, calcium, among others even the heaviest and heaviest layer composed of iron and nickel. It should be noted that the pressures are so high that they cause the nucleus to remain solid in its innermost part. The inner core is the central and deepest point on Earth: it has a temperature that exceeds 5000 ° C.
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